The Action Genre - Cinematography

The cinematography in action films is designed to create excitement and immerse the audience into the film straight from the beginning. It also helps to create the mood of the scene and give the audience some clues for what may happen next.

• Camera distances - In action films extreme long shots are frequently used so the audience can get an understanding for where the film is taking place, but it can also establish the scale of the setting therefore the audience can get a grasp for how grand and thrilling the action will be. Additionally, close ups and extreme close ups are commonly used to emphasise characters emotions and figure behaviour but also to highlight the significance of a prop which could be used later on in the film.

• Camera angles - Low angle shots are common in action films as they make a character look dominant and powerful, and high angles are used to highlight the vulnerability of a character. They are both used frequently on the ‘hero’ and the ‘villain’ to warn the audience throughout the film of the respective power dynamics in their conflict, and to indicate which character is 'on top' in their battle at any given time. Canted angles are also common in action films as they create a sense of unease for the audience and are usually used to convey chaos in a fighting scene.

• Shot composition - Tight framing is used to highlight to the audience that the characters are trapped (a frequent occurrence with the hero at various points throughout the narrative) or that they are united (particularly common in ensemble films), therefore it is frequently used in action films to intensify the scene and engage the audience, but also to reveal character dynamics. Loose framing can be used to signal to the audience that there could be danger as the characters are vulnerable (again, common in a genre which relies on peril) or to signal the hero's 'freedom' upon defeat of the enemy/completion of the mission.

• Camera movement - Camera movement in action films is essential to create an energetic and tense scene. Movement is usually fast-paced to highlight the intensity of the action within a scene and to keep the audience engaged and on the edge of their seats (enhancing the adrenaline-fuelled excitement for them). Some common examples include whip pans which quickly reveal something significant to the audience, whilst helping create an energetic aesthetic to excite, and potentially shock, the audience. Additionally, swooping aerial shots also create a thrilling experience as they allow the audience to witness the film from an unrealistic/uncommon point of view/perspective, therefore immersing them into the action and helping them experience the rush the characters may be feeling. These types of shots usually highlight a vast setting or follow exciting chase scenes. Finally, handheld camerawork is common in fight scenes or chaotic moments as it adds immersive intensity and a sense of realism for the audience.